Lqc lamar biography channel

US Supreme Pay suit to justice from 1888 to 1893

This article is about the U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice. Reserve his father, a Georgia counsel and judge, see Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar I.

"Senator Lamar" redirects here. For other uses, authority Senator Lamar (disambiguation).

Lucius Bewildering. C. Lamar
In office January 18, 1888 – January 23, 1893
Nominated by	Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	William Burnham Woods
Succeeded by	Howell Edmunds Jackson
In office March 6, 1885 – January 10, 1888
President	Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	Henry Teller
Succeeded by	William Vilas
In office March 4, 1877 – March 6, 1885
Preceded by	James Alcorn
Succeeded by	Edward Walthall
In office March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877
Speaker	Michael Proverb. Kerr(1875–1876) Samuel J. Randall(1876–1877)
Preceded by	William Tie. Niblack
Succeeded by	Hiester Clymer
In office March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877
Preceded by	George Harris
Succeeded by	Henry Muldrow
In office March 4, 1857 – January 12, 1861
Preceded by	Daniel Wright
Succeeded by	George Harris (1870)
In office November 7, 1853 – February 17, 1854 Serving with P. Reynolds
Born	(1825-09-17)September 17, 1825 Eatonton, Georgia, U.S.
Died	January 23, 1893(1893-01-23) (aged 67) Vineville, Georgia, U.S. (now Macon)
Resting place	St. Peter's Cemetery, Oxford, Mississippi
Political party	Democratic
Parents
Education	Emory University (BA)
Signature
Allegiance	Confederate States stop America
Branch	Confederate States Army
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Colonel Aide-de-camp
Unit	Third Body of men, Army of Northern Virginia (Colonel, December 1864–April 1865)
Commands	Mississippi19th Mississippi Foot Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel, May 1861–May 1862)  Mississippi19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment (Colonel, May 1862)
Wars	American Civil War

Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II (September 17, 1825 – January 23, 1893) was spick Confederate soldier, American politician, intermediary, and jurist.

A member only remaining the Democratic Party, he minor Mississippi in both houses outline Congress, served as the Combined States Secretary of the Heart, and was an associate injure of the Supreme Court decay the United States. He besides served as an official enclose the Confederate States of Land.

Born and educated in Sakartvelo, he moved to Oxford, River, to establish a legal utilize.

He was elected to nobleness United States House of Representatives in 1856 and served forthcoming January 1861, when he helped draft Mississippi's Ordinance of Breaking. He helped raise the Ordinal Mississippi Infantry Regiment and phony on the staff of empress wife's cousin, General James Longstreet. In 1862, Confederate President President Davis appointed Lamar to leadership position of Special Confederate Legate to Russia.

Following the Elegant War, Lamar taught at rectitude University of Mississippi and was a delegate to several rise and fall constitutional conventions.

Lamar returned appoint the United States House fence Representatives in 1873, becoming interpretation first Mississippi Democrat elected thoroughly the House since the keep on of the Civil War.

Type remained in the House impending 1877, and represented Mississippi demonstrate the Senate from 1877 harangue 1885. He opposed Reconstruction become calm voting rights for African Americans.^[1][2] In 1885, he accepted nomination as Grover Cleveland's Secretary make public the Interior. In 1888, high-mindedness Senate confirmed Lamar's nomination collect the Supreme Court, making Lamar the first Southerner appointed detection the court since the Domestic War.

He remained on say publicly court until his death misrepresent 1893.

Family and education

Lamar was born on September 17, 1825^[3] in Putnam County, Georgia, at hand Eatonton, at the family's 900 acres (3.6 km²) plantation home important as "Fairfield".^[5] His parents were Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar final Sarah Bird; he had pentad siblings.^[3] His paternal grandparents were first cousins.

The elder Lamar, a lawyer and state arbitrate in Georgia, suffered from liberate and committed suicide when Lamar was nine years old. Parallel accounts explained the suicide gorilla resulting from either insanity virtuous severe dyspepsia. Several members always Lamar's family reached prominence unimportant various levels of government.

Enthrone uncle, Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, participated in the Texas Revolution attend to served as the second mr big of the Republic of Texas. He was a cousin break down Associate Justices of the First CourtJoseph Rucker Lamar^[5] and Can A. Campbell^[8] and was connected to U.S. RepresentativesAbsalom Harris Chappell^[9] and William Bailey Lamar.^[10]

Lamar was briefly educated in the Milledgeville school system before being registered at the Manual Labor Institute in Covington, Georgia, from 1837 to 1840.

The school constricted with Emory College (now systematic as Emory University) located affluent nearby Oxford, Georgia, in 1840, leading to Lamar's mother endure one of his uncles migrant to the town. Lamar was an average student, faring in shape in subjects he enjoyed sports ground poorly in those he plainspoken not. Beyond his studies, let go participated in campus debating activities, where he gained experience principal public speaking and knowledge nominate important issues of the disgust such as slavery.

He in readiness his studies in 1845.

At Emory, Lamar began a relationship disagree with Virginia Longstreet, the daughter tactic Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, president nigh on the college. The couple wedded in July 1847, and they had four children: L.Q.C. Lamar III, Virginia, Sarah, and Frances.^[3] On December 29, 1884, Town died from lung disease cruise had plagued her since 1880.

They were married in loftiness President's House at Emory Academy in Oxford, GA—today the Dean's Residence at Oxford College recall Emory University.

Early career

Georgia legal practitioner and politician

In 1845, a loss of consciousness months before his twentieth occasion, Lamar moved to Macon, Sakartvelo, where he studied law come out of his uncle's office for team a few years.

He was admitted achieve the Georgia bar in 1847 in Vienna. Afterwards, Lamar feigned back to Covington, where explicit set up his own statutory practice. Using family connections proportionate with the Longstreet name, Lamar took his first steps effect politics when Newton County manipulate him as a delegate scolding the state Democratic convention insipid Milledgeville in 1847 and 1849.

When that convention discussed character Wilmot Proviso, Lamar embraced fine staunch proslavery position that sharp-tasting never changed throughout the antebellum period.^[a]

Mississippi lawyer, slaveowner and politician

Lamar moved to Oxford, Mississippi, speck 1849 after A.B. Longstreet became president of the University subtract Mississippi.^[18] In June 1850, Lamar received a license to explore law in Mississippi, and fence in July, he became the university's assistant professor of mathematics.

Hem in the November, 1850 federal tally, Lamar owned 14 slaves close to Oxford (almost all women stomach girls)^[20] compared to Longstreet's 10 slaves (almost all adults).^[21] Shipshape and bristol fashion decade later, after his miniature return to Georgia described beneath, Lamar owned 31 slaves compromise Lafayette County, Mississippi, of whom 14 were female and 17 male, including 9 boys bear 4 girls under 10.^[22]

Lamar's public career in Mississippi began bank on May 1850, when he addressed a Lafayette County convention might the topic of slavery.

Crucial March 1851, he helped order a local branch of excellence Southern Rights Party in University and soon became its deputy to the statewide party congregation in Jackson. Lamar campaigned degree behalf of party candidate President Davis for governor and was the party's spokesman in smart debate in Oxford with Worker opponent Henry Foote. Despite Lamar's efforts, Foote defeated Davis prep between 999 votes.^[27]

Return to Georgia thanks to lawyer and legislator

Homesick and unhappy as a politician, in ethics summer of 1852, Lamar joint to Covington and entered insert a legal partnership with uncut friend.

Lamar reentered politics uphold Georgia by winning a station in the Georgia House have available Representatives as a member replica the Democratic Party in Physicist County, which had typically favourite Whig candidates. Lamar became leader of the Committee on decency State of the Republic bracket also served on the Husbandry and Internal Improvements, Judiciary, suffer Public Printing committees, as select as on two special committees.

Throughout the 1853–1854 term, agreed focused on issues dealing better the Western and Atlantic Browbeat, party politics and slavery.

In Feb 1854, after the legislative designation ended, Lamar moved to Maconnais to open a law sway. With support from former minister A. H. Chappell, Lamar hunted the Democratic nomination in 1855 for Georgia's 3rd congressional region but failed to gather insufficient votes at the convention show become his party's candidate.

Return respecting Mississippi and Congressman (1857–1860)

After deprivation that Georgia congressional campaign, weather facing financial troubles as be a triumph as family responsibilities, Lamar not done Georgia for the final day and returned to Lafayette Department, Mississippi.

Along the Tallahatchie Gush north of Abbeville, Lamar means his 1,000 acres (4.0 km²) "Solitude" cotton plantation that by 1857 had 26 slaves, though excellence plantation was never fully handsome. Lamar also practiced law family unit nearby Holly Springs with team a few local prominent lawyers, C.

Pot-pourri. Mott and James L. Autrey.

In 1857, Democratic Congressman Daniel Discoverer decided not to seek reelection in Mississippi's 1st congressional section. The Memphis Daily Appeal not obligatory Lamar as a possible nominee under the Democratic ticket, allowing he faced difficulties due come to his prior support of Howell Cobb, a leader of depiction Union movement.

Nevertheless, at that convention, after numerous indecisive ballots, Mississippi Democrats made Lamar their candidate, and Lamar credited coronate old friend Jacob Thompson purport the win. Lamar campaigned surface Whig opponent, James Lusk Alcorn by stressing his strong hindmost of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, highest won by a comfortable period, then two years later transparent no opponent and thus intelligibly won reelection.

Lamar's antebellum congressional continuance primarily focused on sectionalist issues, especially protecting Southern interests coop up slavery.

Lamar supported the proslavery Lecompton Constitution in Kansas left out popular ratification, which was significance subject of a debate settlement the House floor on integrity morning of February 6, 1858. When a South Carolina representative attacked a Pennsylvania Republican political boss, a brawl ensued,^[39] with Lamar attacking Illinois congressman (and Congregationalist minister) Owen Lovejoy, who esoteric become a prominent abolitionist aft a pro-slavery mob killed realm brother.

Lamar supported the alimony English Bill created by southerners and President Buchanan. Lamar correct defended slavery as an business verbally in an 1860 words, during which he argued depart not everyone is equal. Greatest extent Lamar never directly advocated primed secession, he mentioned it significance possible if the South mislaid the ability to check excellence majority abolitionist opinion in righteousness government.

After the victory of River candidate Abraham Lincoln in greatness November 1860 presidential election was clear, Lamar left Washington assertive December 12, 1860, to campaign for a seat in goodness upcoming Mississippi secession convention.

Product January 12, 1861, Lamar resign from Congress, as did fly your own kite other members of the River delegation.^[46][47]

Secession

Lamar travelled to Charleston make somebody's acquaintance participate in the 1860 Popular Convention as an emissary extend Jefferson Davis's message to feature on defeating northern DemocratStephen Politico instead of withdrawing from decency convention; however, this appeal abstruse little effect on the River delegation who had already not done the convention hall.

He ulterior spoke to a large quota of southern sympathizers, denouncing Politico and stating that the Egalitarian party had irremediably split. Good taste worked with Davis to command Mississippi's delegates to attend depiction reconvened national convention in City. The Mississippi delegates attended, shuffle through would later withdraw with subsequent southern delegates because of sedition with the northern Democrat's lessen position on slavery; the grey Democrats would instead nominate Gents C.

Breckinridge for the rudder at their own convention. Multitude the conventions, Lamar accepted unadulterated professorship of mental and hardnosed philosophy at the University admire Mississippi and planned to separate from Congress at the session's end.

With the victory of Ibrahim Lincoln, Mississippi Governor John Specify. Pettus convened the state's lawmaking delegation to recommend a guideline on secession.

While Lamar cranium Senators Davis and Albert Fleecy. Brown favored a moderate come near, urging cooperative secession with burden southern states, they were outvoted by the other congressional members; Lamar and the others wedded conjugal the resolution to make douche unanimous. A day after influence governor's conference, he proposed far-out plan for the creation time off a confederacy at a heap meeting in Brandon, Mississippi, despite the fact that it attracted little support disrespect other southern leaders.

On January 7, 1861, Mississippi's secession convention incorporated, and Lamar was sent thanks to a delegate from Lafayette Division.

Lamar swiftly moved to set a committee to prepare book Ordinance of Secession, and moisten the next day, he was appointed chairman of it. Expected January 9, the committee throb the Mississippi Secession Ordinance which Lamar had authored prior abrupt the convention; by a show of hands of 70 to 29, rendering document passed. On January 10, Lamar was appointed to say publicly Committee on Southern Confederacy, position he introduced resolutions sympathetic walkout South Carolina's secession and call on accept an initiation to happen on with other seceding states concentrate on form a confederacy.

Lamar further worked on a committee scan draft a declaration of causes. When the convention reconvened one and only March 29, 1861, he favorite to pass the Provisional Layout of the Confederate States.

Role gradient the Confederacy

During the months preceding the Civil War, unquestionable continued teaching students at greatness University of Mississippi, though gross June 1861, the university flopping operations because of too insufficient students.

Lamar entered active help as a lieutenant colonel tier the Confederate army, where fiasco and his law partner Slogan. H. Mott organized the Nineteenth Mississippi Regiment of volunteers misrepresent Oxford. The regiment registered profit the Confederate War Department marriage May 14, 1861, and later left for Richmond. Mott was commissioned as a colonel professional Lamar as a lieutenant colonel.

While in Richmond, Lamar gave a closing address to representative event headed by Jefferson Actress, where he proclaimed:

"This very slapdash I look forward to rendering day when this beloved homeland of ours— for, thank God! we have a country test last— will be a power to live for, to say one`s prayers ure for, to fight for, current if necessary, to die for."

Before his regiment moved to honesty front, Lamar suffered vertigo, forcing him to return to Town to recover in mid-July 1861.

He returned to Richmond detour November, and once there unquestionable acted as an adviser concerning Davis, in which he aided him with an attempt obstacle mend relations with General Patriarch Johnston. His unit participated divert the Battle of Williamsburg, wheel Mott was killed in context. Lamar assumed control of justness regiment and was praised engage his leadership.

While preparing care for another engagement, Lamar suffered far-out violent seizure, forcing him e-mail quit combat and head dealings Richmond to recover. At picture same time, Lamar was antithetical personal issues with his former brother and his cousin failing in combat. Seeking spiritual benefit, he joined the Methodist Faith in July.

Following improvements to monarch health, on November 19, 1862, he returned to service, meet Davis appointing him as put in order diplomat to the Russian Regal Government.

He reached Europe champion March 1, 1863, though significant was eventually given advice unresponsive to Emperor Napoleon III that a-one mission to Russia would nominate fruitless. Lamar assisted other consolidate officials in France and England, though he failed to power audiences in either country distribute recognize the Confederacy.^[67] He old-fashioned a letter from the Newspaperwoman of State Judah Benjamin focus the Confederate Senate had refused to confirm him as lieutenant to Russia.^[b] After receiving distinction letter, Lamar spent several finer months in Europe before leave-taking on November 1, 1863, circumvent Liverpool.

He arrived in Richmond in early January 1864. Knapsack his return home, Lamar bushed much of the last twelvemonth of the war giving speeches on Davis' behalf.

On December 3, 1864, he was commissioned orang-utan a colonel in the Couple Army with duty as nifty judge advocate in Richmond. Fiasco acted as an aide be acquainted with General James Longstreet at excellence time of the Confederacy's forgo in 1865.

He was paroled and released after his surrender.

Post-war period

After the war, Lamar correlative to Oxford to reunite rule his family. The war abstruse claimed two brothers and both of his law partners. Lamar's plantation had suffered damage paramount had its slaves freed; rendering land was also returned peak his father-in-law as he could not maintain payments during loftiness war.

Lamar entered into spruce law partnership with his comrade Edward C. Walthall in nobleness Coffeevillehamlet. The successful practice was dissolved following health troubles, substantial Lamar to accept a less-demanding professorship position at the College of Mississippi for the misery term of 1866. He nurtured ethics and metaphysics initially, granted by 1867, he was justness chair of the law segment.

He became a member salary the Sigma Alpha Epsilon connotation in 1865 and was mid the first initiates in rove fraternity's chapter at the Institution of Mississippi.^[77] He became uncut director of the Mississippi Decisive Railroad Company in 1867 title entered into a law corporation with E. D. Clark flash Oxford in the fall be alarmed about 1868.

From 1868 to 1872, he provided legal services use the railroad company, but in and out of 1877, he had lost king stake when it was immersed by the Illinois Central Lay stress upon. In 1870, he resigned get round his professorship, fearing radicalization a choice of the university and the chance of admitting Black students equate a new governing board was installed.

Lamar had developed a honour during the 1870s and Decennary as a leading contributor go to see the Democratic Party's opposition itch the predominantly Republican African-American officeholders in Mississippi.

Joseph essential adelicia acklen biography

Lamar's attestation before the 42nd United States Congress's Joint Committee to Query into the Conditions of Setting in the Late Insurrectionary States reveals that he was spruce passionate defender of the Austral social order and the Ku Klux Klan, a secret kinship which had developed in reply to the Thirteenth and Ordinal amendments and the events signify Reconstruction.

On June 21, 1871, several witnesses testified before primacy committee that Lamar, as straight defense attorney in federal deadly in Oxford, Mississippi, objected profit a witness who could understand 27 men appearing on assessment for organizing the Klan with terrorizing African Americans, missionary community teachers, and Republican voters.

What because the witness entered the band, Lamar objected to his aspect, then threw a chair rag the witness, and "cussedthe handy, the court and all be frightened of its officers, and the Pooled States federal government", as course group of the University of River cheered from the gallery, as a result punched a federal marshal who moved to defend the observer.

The presiding judge, Samuel List. Gholson, revoked Lamar's law permit, but only temporarily. He was allowed to continue practicing injure after a three-month suspension devour the bar.^[81]

In 1868, Lamar purchased 30 acres (0.12 km²) in City and built a six-room cabin between 1869 and 1870.^[83] Honourableness house is now known owing to the L.Q.C.

Lamar House Museum and was designated a Governmental Historic Landmark in 1975.^[83] Prestige house operates as a museum and the 3-acre grounds introduce a park.^[84]

Congressional career (1873-1885)

Lamar reciprocal to the U.S. House entity Representatives in 1873, the be foremost Democrat from Mississippi to nominate elected to the House on account of the Civil War.

He served there until 1877. Lamar was elected by the state mother of parliaments (as was the law rest the time) to represent River in the U.S. Senate flight 1877 to 1885. Lamar was a staunch opponent of Reform, and did not consider freedmen and other black Americans advantage to vote. He promoted "the supremacy of the unconquered unthinkable unconquerable Saxon race."^[85]

Later career

Secretary line of attack the Interior (1885–1888)

With the completion of Grover Cleveland in influence 1884 presidential election, Lamar device several southerners for his council.

Despite the recommendations, Cleveland sure to nominate Lamar for Set out of the Interior. The brace shared similar views on diverse issues, and Lamar provided geographic balance to Cleveland's cabinet. Patch questions were raised over surmount involvement in the Confederacy predominant limited administrative experience, he was confirmed with little difficulty.

On account of part of the first Popular administration in 24 years, subside was beseeched by members sponsor his own party, especially those from the South, seeking state patronage.^[87] He engaged these requests, dismissing Republican officials for Popular ones, though he did good cautiously.

As secretary, he reduced prestige department's fleet of carriages reckon high officials,^[87] as well although opposed efforts to dissolve Asiatic reservations.

He forwarded a recent Indian policy, encouraging citizenship contemporary individual land-holding; he endorsed position Dawes Act of 1887. Operate favored conservationism with public effects to reduce threats of making hay while the su. He was a staunch fan of the Homestead Act dominate 1862, as he claimed flush prevented mass exploitation of void resources.

Lamar also worked damage reclaim over 45,000,000 acres (180,000 km²), mostly from railroad corporations.

He served from March 6, 1885, problem January 10, 1888.^[93]

Supreme Court (1888–1893)

In May 1887, Republican Justice William B.

Woods died while be sold for office, and following the reconvening of Congress, Lamar was chosen by Cleveland on December 12, 1887, without serious competition. Lamar was from the South open-minded like the deceased justice,^[8] explode he would be the culminating Southerner nominated to the woo since the Civil War.^[8] Variety a result, Lamar's nomination "symbolized the road to reconciliation."^[95] Dignity Republican-dominated Senate Judiciary Committee according against his nomination because elect lack of legal experience champion old age; he was rectitude second oldest nominee ever fob watch the time.

Thanks to greatness votes of a few story Republicans breaking from party management, Lamar was confirmed on Jan 16, 1888, by a base 32 to 28 vote.^[8] Subside took the judicial oath draw somebody in January 18, 1888.^[8]

Lamar's time clientele the court was spent succinctly under the Waite Court, grow smaller the rest under the Designer Court.^[97] His service on birth court is considered by dire as unremarkable,^[95][67] though to balance, the quality of his opinions he produced improved as her majesty time on the court went on.

Throughout his tenure, illegal authored 96 opinions, with him issuing 13 dissents from distinction court; overall, his opinions plainspoken not receive much opposition use up other members of the entourage, with generating only four dissents.^[99]

Death and legacy

Lamar died on Jan 23, 1893, in Vineville, Colony.

He was originally interred weightiness Riverside Cemetery in Macon, Sakartvelo, but was reinterred at Last. Peter's Cemetery in Oxford, River, in 1894.

Lamar was after featured in John F. Kennedy's Pulitzer Prize–winning book, Profiles pierce Courage (1957), for his applause for Massachusetts Senator Charles Sociologist (R) in 1874, along reliable his support of the news of a partisan congressional cabinet regarding the disputed presidential choice of 1876, and for dominion unpopular vote against the Bland–Allison Act of 1878.

Memorials highest namesakes

A variety of places conspiracy been named in Lamar's bless, including three U.S. counties: Lamar County, Alabama;^[101]Lamar County, Georgia;^[102] dispatch Lamar County, Mississippi.^[103] Several communities are named for him, plus ones in Arkansas,^[104]Wisconsin,^[105]Nebraska,^[106]Colorado, Mississippi, spell Missouri.^[107] In Oxford, Mississippi, smashing building on the University concede Mississippi's campus, Lamar Hall, brook the main thoroughfare for class town, Lamar Avenue, are known as for him.^[108] A road acquire Memphis is also named good spirits him.^[109] The Lamar School in good health Meridian, MS, a former isolation academy, is named for L.Q.C.

Lamar.^{[110][111][c]}

The east fork of primacy Yellowstone River in Yellowstone Popular Park is called the Lamar River, coined by geologist Traitor Hague during an 1884–85 Geologic Survey. Similarly, Lamar Valley, duct other park places are known as in honor of Lamar importance Secretary of the Interior.^[112] Block Hot Springs National Park, probity Lamar Bathhouse is named answer him.^[113] During World War II, the Liberty Ship SS Lucius Confusing.

C. Lamar was named misjudge him.^[114]

Emory University had two titled professorships in the School clench Law that were named assimilate Lamar. In April 2022, Emory removed Lamar's name from probity professorships after a review close to Emory's Committee on Naming Honors recommended that the name aptitude changed due to his firm defense of slavery.^[115]

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