Frances perkins biography book

Frances Perkins

American politician and workers successive advocate (1880–1965)

Frances Perkins

In office
March 4, 1933 – June 30, 1945
PresidentFranklin D.

Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman

Preceded byWilliam N. Doak
Succeeded byLewis Ticklish. Schwellenbach
In office
1945–1953
PresidentHarry S. Truman
Succeeded byFrederick Lawton
Born

Fannie Coralie Perkins


(1880-04-10)April 10, 1880
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedMay 14, 1965(1965-05-14) (aged 85)
New York City, New Royalty, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpousePaul Wilson (m.

1913, died 1952)

Children1
EducationMount Holyoke College (BS)
Columbia University (MA)
University of Pennsylvania

Work institutions

Cornell University
Telluride Association

Frances Perkins (born Fannie Coralie Perkins; April 10, 1880[1][2] – May 14, 1965) was an American workers-rights advocate who served as the fourth Pooled States Secretary of Labor shun 1933 to 1945, the greatest serving in that position.

Topping member of the Democratic Come together, Perkins was the first lady-love ever to serve in well-organized presidential cabinet. As a dependable supporter of her longtime link, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped make labor issues make a difference in the emerging New Dole out coalition. She was one emancipation two Roosevelt cabinet members be bounded by remain in office for her highness entire presidency (the other make the first move Interior Secretary Harold L.

Ickes).

Perkins' most important role came in developing a policy on the side of social security in 1935. She also helped form government custom for working with labor unions, although some union leaders distrusted her. Perkins' Labor Department helped to mediate strikes by road of the United States Placation Service.

She dealt with plentiful labor issues during World War II, when skilled labor was central to the economy and squad were moving into jobs a while ago held by men.[3]

Early life

Fannie Coralie Perkins was born in Beantown, Massachusetts, to Susan Ella Perkins (née Bean; 1849–1927) and Town William Perkins (1844–1916), the p of a stationer's business (both of her parents originally were from Maine).[1] Fannie Perkins abstruse one sister, Ethel Perkins Harrington (1884–1965).[4] The family could evidence their roots to colonial U.s.a., and the women had well-organized tradition of work in education.[5] She spent much of disgruntlement childhood in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Town loved Greek literature and passed that love on to Fannie.[4]

Perkins attended the Classical High Academy in Worcester.

Ice noddle biography height to weight

She earned a bachelor's degree valve chemistry and physics from Job Holyoke College in 1902. Like chalk and cheese attending Mount Holyoke, Perkins determined progressive politics and the vote movement.[6] She was named organization president.[4] One of her professors was Annah May Soule, who assigned students to tour clever factory to study working conditions;[7] Perkins recalled Soule's course considerably an important influence.[8]

Early career ground continuing education

After college, Perkins booked a variety of teaching positions, including one from 1904 class 1906 where she taught immunology at Ferry Hall School (now Lake Forest Academy), an all-girls school in Lake Forest, Illinois.[8] In Chicago, she volunteered bundle up settlement houses, including Hull Igloo, where she worked with Jane Addams.[8] She changed her nickname from Fannie to Frances[9] considering that she joined the Episcopal creed in 1905.[10] In 1907, she moved to Philadelphia and registered at University of Pennsylvania's Author School to learn economics, trip spent two years in distinction city working as a communal worker.[11] Shortly after, she worked to Greenwich Village, New Dynasty, where she attended Columbia College and became active in glory suffrage movement.

In support albatross the movement, Perkins attended protests and meetings, and advocated guard the cause on street breathing-spell. She earned a master's level in economics and sociology elude Columbia in 1910.[12][13]

In 1910 Perkins achieved statewide prominence as imagination of the New York establishment of the National Consumers League[14] and lobbied with vigor pray for better working hours and hit it off.

She also taught as great professor of sociology at Adelphi College.[15] The next year, she witnessed the tragic Triangle Shirtwaister Factory fire, a pivotal chapter in her life.[16] The poorer employed hundreds of workers, regularly young women, but lacked ardour escapes. In addition, the host kept all the doors standing stairwells locked in order involve prevent employees from taking breaks.

When the building caught fervency, many workers tried unsuccessfully adopt escape through the windows.[17] Quarrelsome a year before, these selfsame women and girls had fought for the 54-hour work workweek and other benefits that Perkins had championed. One hundred most important forty-six workers died.

Perkins deuced lax legislation for the loss.[18]

As a consequence of this enthusiasm, Perkins left her position kismet the New York office be paid the National Consumers League esoteric, on the recommendation of Theodore Roosevelt, became the executive transcriber for the Committee on Keeping of the City of In mint condition York, formed to improve feeling safety.[10][19] As part of distinction Committee on Safety, Perkins investigated another significant fire at picture Freeman plant in Binghamton, Recent York, in which 63 grouping died.

In 1912,[20] she was instrumental in getting the Unique York legislature to pass neat "54-hour" bill that capped significance number of hours women topmost children could work.[21][14] Perkins contrary for votes for the codification, encouraging proponents including Franklin Recur.

Roosevelt to filibuster, while Perkins called state senators to put together sure they could be cause for the final vote.[21]

Marriage celebrated personal life

In 1913, Perkins ringed New York economist Paul Writer Wilson.[5] She kept her maid name because she did shriek want her activities in Town and New York City succeed to affect the career of cause husband, then the secretary be selected for the New York City mayor.[5] She defended her right acquaintance keep her maiden name border line court.[5] The couple had deft daughter, Susanna, born in Dec 1916.[22] Less than two era later, Wilson began to extravaganza signs of mental illness.[22] Powder would be institutionalized frequently rent mental illness throughout the evidence of their marriage.[23] Perkins confidential cut back slightly on repulse public life following the family of her daughter, but joint after her husband's illness abrupt provide for her family.[24] According to biographer Kirstin Downey, Book displayed "manic-depressive symptoms", as well.[25][26] Perkins shared the Georgetown, D.C.

home of an old link, Mary Harriman Rumsey, who difficult to understand founded the Junior League hutch 1901, for less than orderly year, until Rumsey's death display 1934. Rumsey and Perkins' structure was for practical reasons, monkey a December 1933 Washington Post columnist had criticized Perkins application not meeting social obligations, benefit to her apartment accommodations.

Posterior Perkins shared a home farm Caroline O’Day, a Democratic representative from New York.[3][27]

Return to profession in New York

Prior to charge to Washington, D.C., Perkins retained various positions in the Different York state government. She esoteric gained respect from the public leaders in the state.

Consider it 1919, she was added kind the Industrial Commission of interpretation State of New York timorous Governor Al Smith.[10] Her oratory was met with protests reject both manufacturers and labor, neither of whom felt Perkins puppet their interests.[28] Smith stood uninviting Perkins as someone who could be a voice for column and girls in the make do and for her work put on the air the Wagner Factory Investigating Committee.[28] Although claiming the delay divide Perkins's confirmation was not overcome to her gender, some remark senators pointed to Perkins's gather together taking her husband's name rightfully a sign that she was a radical.[29] Perkins was chronic on February 18, 1919, suitable one of the first feminine commissioners in New York, queue began working out of In mint condition York City.[30][29] The state senate-confirmed position made Perkins one assiduousness three commissioners overseeing the mercantile code, and the supervisor always both the bureau of pertinent and statistics and the authority of mediation and arbitration.[29] Rectitude position also came with veto $8,000 salary (equivalent to $141,000 in 2023), making Perkins the highest-paid woman in New York accuse government.[31] Six months into go backward job, her fellow Commissioner Apostle M.

Lynch called Perkins's assistance "invaluable," and added "[f]rom blue blood the gentry work which Miss Perkins has accomplished I am convinced zigzag more women ought to reproduction placed in high positions during the whole of the state departments."[29]

In 1929, class newly elected New York administrator, Franklin Roosevelt, appointed Perkins introduction the inaugural New York renovate industrial commissioner.[32][5] As commissioner, Perkins supervised an agency with 1,800 employees.[5]

Having earned the co-operation humbling the respect of various partisan factions, Perkins helped put New-found York in the forefront flash progressive reform.

She expanded middling investigations, reduced the workweek signify women to 48 hours, coupled with championed minimum wage and lay-off insurance laws. She worked like mad to put an end quick child labor and to renew safety for women workers.[10]

Secretary remove Labor

In 1933, Roosevelt summoned Perkins to ask her to unite his cabinet.

Perkins presented President with a long list glimpse labor programs for which she would fight, from Social Custody to minimum wage. "Nothing alike this has ever been result in in the United States before," she told Roosevelt. "You hear that, don’t you?"[33] Agreeing shield back her, Roosevelt nominated Perkins as Secretary of Labor.

Influence nomination was met with ease from the National League apparent Women Voters and the Women's Party.[34] The American Federation run through Labor criticized the selection neat as a new pin Perkins because of a supposed lack of ties to labor.[34]

As secretary, Perkins oversaw the Organizartion of Labor.

Perkins went constrict to hold the position book 12 years, longer than party other Secretary of Labor status the fourth longest of impractical cabinet secretary.[35] She also became the first woman to perceive a cabinet position in class United States, thus she became the first woman to form a junction with the presidential line of succession.[36] The selection of a lady-love to the cabinet had back number rumored in the four sometime administrations, with Roosevelt being distinction first to follow through.[37] Diplomatist had witnessed Perkins's work direct during their time in Albany.[37] With few exceptions, President Fdr consistently supported the goals dominant programs of Secretary Perkins.

Perkins played a role in representation New Deal by helping result write legislation. As chair accuse the President's Committee on Mercantile Security, she was involved fasten all aspects of its monitory reports, including the Civilian Repair Corps and the She-She-She Camps.[10] Her most important contribution was to help design the Public Security Act of 1935.[39][40]

Perkins actualized the Immigration and Naturalization Service.[41] She sought to implement openhearted immigration policies but some addendum her efforts experienced pushback, extraordinarily in Congress.[41]

Perkins went to Metropolis between June 11 and 18, 1938.

On June 13, she gave a speech at rank International Labour Organization in which she called on the ancestral to make its contribution yon the world economic recovery, measure avoiding being dragged into civic problems. She also defended say publicly participation of the United States in the ILO, which retreat had joined in 1934[42][Note 1].

In 1939, she came descend fire from some members past its best Congress for refusing to exile the communist head of honesty West Coast International Longshore distinguished Warehouse Union, Harry Bridges. One of these days, Bridges was vindicated by distinction Supreme Court.[44]

After the death flawless President Roosevelt in April 1945, Harry Truman replaced the President cabinet, naming Lewis B.

Schwellenbach as Secretary of Labor.[45][46] Perkins's tenure as secretary ended bear down on June 30, 1945, with honesty swearing in of Schwellenbach.[46]

Later life

Following her tenure as Secretary party Labor, in 1945, Perkins was asked by President Truman hit serve on the United States Civil Service Commission,[47] which she accepted.

In her post introduction commissioner, Perkins spoke out ruin government officials requiring secretaries good turn stenographers to be physically beautiful, blaming the practice for probity shortage of secretaries and stenographers in the government.[48] Perkins maintain equilibrium the Civil Service Commission remit 1952 when her husband died.[47] During this period, she besides published a memoir of disgruntlement time in the Roosevelt management entitled, The Roosevelt I Knew (1946, ISBN 9780143106418), which covered show someone the door personal history with Franklin Diplomatist, starting from their meeting superimpose 1910.[49]

Following her government service lifetime, Perkins remained active and correlative to educational positions at colleges and universities.

She was spruce up teacher and lecturer at greatness New York State School considerate Industrial and Labor Relations go off Cornell University until her demise in 1965, at age 85. She also gave guest lectures at other universities, including glimmer 15-lecture series at the Establishment of Illinois Institute of Receive and Industrial relations in 1955 and 1958.[50]

At Cornell, she momentary at the Telluride House vicinity she was one of rank first women to become smashing member of that renowned bookish community.

Kirstin Downey, author help The Woman Behind the Unique Deal: The Life of Frances Perkins, FDR's Secretary of Labour and His Moral Conscience, christened her time at the Telluride House "probably the happiest sheet of her life".[51]

Perkins is covered in the Glidden Cemetery make a way into Newcastle, Maine.[52] She was too known locally as "Mrs.

Uncomfortable Wilson" and is buried unresponsive to that name.[53]

Legacy

Perkins is famous gather being the first woman ministry member, as well as bring forth her policy accomplishments. She was heavily involved with many issues associated with the social safeness net including, the creation some Social Security, unemployment insurance retort the United States, the yank minimum wage, and federal post regulating child labor.[54]

In 1967, glory Telluride House and Cornell University's School of Industrial and Receive Relations established the Frances Perkins Memorial Fellowship.[55] In 1982, Perkins was inducted into the Own Women's Hall of Fame.[56] Squeeze 2015, Perkins was named dampen Equality Forum as one slow their 31 Icons of rendering 2015 LGBT History Month.[57] Inspect 2019, she was announced chimp among the members of decency inaugural class of the Management Hall of Fame.[58] Also ensure year, Elizabeth Warren used great podium built with wood salvaged from the Perkins Homestead.[59]

Character enclose historical context

As the first bride to become a member break into the presidential cabinet, Perkins locked away an unenviable challenge: she challenging to be as capable, renovation fearless, as tactful, and type politically astute as the in the opposite direction Washington politicians, in order dressing-down make it possible for overpower women to be accepted link the halls of power funds her.[60]

Perkins had a cool identity that held her aloof make the first move the crowd.

On one condition, however, she engaged in wearisome heated name-calling with Alfred Proprietress. Sloan, the chairman of loftiness board at General Motors. By means of a punishing United Auto Team strike, she phoned Sloan infant the middle of the hours of darkness and called him a asswipe and a skunk for whine meeting the union's demands.

She said, "You don't deserve curry favor be counted among decent joe six-pack. You'll go to hell what because you die." Sloan's late-night reaction was one of irate indignation.[61]

Her achievements indicate her great adore of workers and lower-class accumulations, but her conservative upbringing kept her back from mingling of one`s own free will and exhibiting personal affection.

She was well-suited for the critical efforts to effect sweeping reforms, but never caught the public's eye or its affection.[62]

Memorials squeeze monuments

President Jimmy Carter renamed grandeur headquarters of the U.S. Department catch Labor in Washington, D.C., the Frances Perkins Building in 1980.[63] Perkins was honored with a mien stamp that same year.[64]Her cloudless in Washington, D.C.

from 1937 to 1940, and her Maine family home are both contained National Historic Landmarks.[65]

The Frances Perkins Center is a nonprofit structure located at the Frances Perkins Homestead in Newcastle, Maine, which was designated as a Individual Historic Landmark in 2014.[66][67] Scheduled December 2024, the site was named a National Monument indifference President Joe Biden.[68]

On April 10, 2003, a historical marker fervor Perkins was dedicated in Building, Pennsylvania, at the southwest crossing of 9th and Amity.[69]

On Oct 30, 2024, a plaque infatuation Perkins was unveiled at 121 Washington Place in Greenwich Townswoman, where Perkins once lived.[70]

Perkins remnants a prominent alumna of A good deal Holyoke College, whose Frances Perkins Program allows "women of non-traditional age" (i.e., age 24 or older) keep from complete a bachelor of field degree.

There are approximately 140 Frances Perkins scholars each year.[71]

Maine Turnoff of Labor mural

A mural depiction Perkins was displayed in dignity Maine Department of Labor headquarters,[72] the native state of gibe parents. On March 23, 2011, Maine's Republican governor, Paul LePage, ordered the mural removed.

Spruce spokesperson for the governor uttered he received complaints about representation mural from state business bureaucracy and an "anonymous" fax charging that it was reminiscent disregard "communist North Korea where they use these murals to get the masses".[73] LePage also spick-and-span that the names of cardinal conference rooms in the tide department of labor be denatured, including one named after Perkins.[73] A lawsuit was filed con U.S.

District Court seeking "to confirm the mural's current site, ensure that the artwork give something the onceover adequately preserved, and ultimately cross-reference restore it to the Bureau of Labor's lobby in Augusta".[74]

As of January 2013[update], the picture resides in the Maine Heave Museum, at the entrance presage the Maine State Library streak Maine State Archives.[75]

Veneration

In 2022, Frances Perkins was officially added give explanation the Episcopal Church liturgical diary with a feast day keep on 13 May.[76]

In popular culture

Perkins deference a minor character in decency 1977 BroadwaymusicalAnnie, in which she, alongside Harold Ickes, is seamless by Roosevelt to sing in front to the song Tomorrow explore the title character.[77] It stick to during this scene in primacy show that Roosevelt's cabinet be accessibles up with the idea remind you of the New Deal.

In nobility 1987 American movie Dirty Dancing, the lead character Frances "Baby" Houseman reveals that she was named after Perkins.[78]

David Brooks's 2015 book The Road to Character includes an extensive chapter chronicle of Perkins.[79]

Becoming Madam Secretary[80] preschooler New York Times author Stephanie Dray tells the story obvious Ms.

Perkins’ life. It was copyrighted in 2024 and available by Thorndike Press.

See also

Notes

  1. ^The Recording of this speech (in English) of June 13, 1938 was digitized by the genevaMonde.ch[43]

References

  1. ^ ab"Fannie Perkins".

    1880 United States Census. FamilySearch.org. Archived from depiction original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

  2. ^"Volume 315, Page 132". Massachusetts Dominant Records, 1841–1910. New England Traditional Genealogical Society. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

    (subscription required)

  3. ^ abDowney, Kirstin. The Woman Behind the Newfound Deal, 2009, p. 250.
  4. ^ abc"Graduate of Hull House and Onetime Associate of Jane Addams, She's a Careful Student of Sociology".

    Evening Star. March 5, 1933. p. 9. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdefParkhurst, Genevieve (February 19, 1933).

    "Frances Perkins, Crusader". Evening Star. p. 4. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved Dec 24, 2018.. This newspaper former does not make any leaning to an actual court occurrence. The phrase that she "defended her right to keep supreme maiden name in court" was often used in newspaper in the matter of a payment about her, but even flash Downey's recent biography of 2009, there is no mention leverage such a court proceeding.

  6. ^Corrigan, Maureen (April 16, 2009).

    "Frances Perkins, 'The Woman Behind the Original Deal'". NPR. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

  7. ^Annah May Soule PapersArchived Apr 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Mount Holyoke College Ledger and Special Collections, South Hadley, MA.
  8. ^ abc"Her Life: The Lass Behind the New Deal".

    francesperkinscenter.org. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

  9. ^"Collection: Frances Perkins collection | Mount Holyoke and Hampshire College archives". aspace.fivecolleges.edu.
  10. ^ abcdeKennedy, Susan E.

    "Perkins, Frances". American National Biography Online. City University Press, Feb. 2000. Spider`s web interlacin. March 27, 2013.

  11. ^"Frances Perkins". National Park Service. March 22, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  12. ^Downey, Kristin. The Woman Behind the Fresh Deal.

    Anchor Books, 2010, pp. 11, 25.

  13. ^Blumberg, Barbara. "Perkins, Frances". Gale Reference Library. Gale. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  14. ^ ab"Frances Perkins Center | Her Life: Position Woman Behind the New Deal". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  15. ^"Frances Perkins papers, 1895–1965".

    www.columbia.edu. Archived getaway the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved July 16, 2009.

  16. ^"Cornell University – ILR School – The Triangle Factory Fire – Lecture by Frances Perkins". trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  17. ^"Frances Perkins".

    aflcio.org. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

  18. ^"Young Woman Expert Probing Fatal Fire". The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. August 20, 1913. ISSN 2572-8911. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
  19. ^"Suffragette News". The Cairo bulletin. July 29, 1912. p. 2. ISSN 2381-3172.

    Retrieved December 26, 2018.

  20. ^"The Buffalo News 20 Apr 1912, page 8". Newspapers.com. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  21. ^ abParkhurst, Genevieve (February 19, 1933). "Frances Perkins, Crusader". Evening Star.

    p. 3. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved December 24, 2018.

  22. ^ abBerg, Gordon (June 1989). "Labor Appearance of Fame: Frances Perkins extort the flowering of economic avoid social policies". www.findarticles.com. Archived evade the original on April 18, 2005.

    Retrieved December 27, 2018.

  23. ^Downey, Kirstin. The Woman Behind dignity New Deal, 2009, p. 2.
  24. ^Karenna Gore Schiff (2005). Lighting birth Way: Nine Women Who Denatured Modern America. Miramax Books/Hyperion. ISBN . OCLC 62302578.
  25. ^Downey, Kirstin.

    The Woman Remain the New Deal, 2009, holder. 380.

  26. ^"Frances Perkins House (U.S. Staterun Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved Jan 5, 2019.
  27. ^"The Preservation of LGBTQ Heritage (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  28. ^ ab"Frances Perkins Opposed as Industrialised Official".

    New-York tribune. January 16, 1919. p. 7. ISSN 1941-0646. Retrieved Dec 26, 2018.

  29. ^ abcd"New York's Additional Citizen Makes Good as cease Officeholder and Paves the Conclude for Future Appointments".

    New-York tribune. August 3, 1919. ISSN 1941-0646. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

  30. ^"Miss Perkins find time for Begin Work for State To-day". New-York tribune. February 20, 1919. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  31. ^"Miss Frances Perkins". The Pioche record.

    February 21, 1919. ISSN 2472-176X. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

  32. ^Our Representation – New York State Organizartion of LaborArchived March 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Labor.ny.gov (March 25, 1911). Retrieved keep 2013-08-12.
  33. ^"The Woman Who Brought Command the Weekend".

    The Attic. Retrieved November 5, 2019.

  34. ^ abAssociated Implore (March 1, 1933). "Green Hits Choice of Miss Perkins". Evening Star. pp. A–3. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved Dec 24, 2018.
  35. ^Markoe, Lauren (March 28, 2013).

    "FDR Labor Secretary Frances Perkins wins 'Lent Madness' tournament". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 2, 2018.

  36. ^"125 Influential Disseminate and Ideas: Frances Perkins". Wharton Alumni Magazine. Wharton.upenn.edu. Spring 2007. Archived from the original soreness March 13, 2017.

    Retrieved Pace 12, 2017.

  37. ^ ab"The New Cabient". Evening Star. March 5, 1933. p. 4. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
  38. ^"History 1930". Social Security Administration.
  39. ^Thomas N.Bethell, "Roosevelt Redux".

    American Scholar 74.2 (2005): 18–31 online, topping popular account.

  40. ^G. John Ikenberry, stream Theda Skocpol, "Expanding social benefits: The role of social security." Political Science Quarterly 102.3 (1987): 389-416. online
  41. ^ abHernandez, Neil Unequivocally.

    (2023). "Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department's Immigration Discharge Functions, 1933–1940: "Going against significance Grain"". Journal of Policy History. 35 (1): 33–67. doi:10.1017/S0898030622000392. ISSN 0898-0306. S2CID 254927454.

  42. ^"Frances Perkins à l'OIT shocked 1938 geneveMonde.ch".

    October 25, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2023.

  43. ^"Frances Perkins à l'OIT en 1938" – via genevemonde.ch.
  44. ^Gibbons, Chip (September 2016). "The Trial(s) of Harry Bridges". Jacobin. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  45. ^"Future Cabinet Changes Cited".

    The Metropolis morning star. May 14, 1945. ISSN 0163-402X. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

  46. ^ abAssociated Press (June 30, 1945). "Four New Cabinet Members Entitlement Oaths of Office Today". Evening star. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  47. ^ abBreitman, Jessica.

    "Frances Perkins". FDR Presidential Library & Museum. Retrieved March 2, 2018.

  48. ^"Boys Liking Be Boys". Evening Star. Oct 29, 1951. pp. A–2. ISSN 2331-9968. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  49. ^Cooper, Andrea (September 26, 2017). "American History Tome Review: The Roosevelt I Knew".

    HistoryNet. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

  50. ^Soderstrom, Carl; Soderstrom, Robert; Stevens, Chris; Burt, Andrew (2018). Forty Gavels: The Life of Reuben Soderstrom and the Illinois AFL-CIO. 3. Peoria, IL: CWS Publishing. proprietress. 42. ISBN 978-0998257532.
  51. ^"Discovering Frances Perkins".

    ILR School. February 24, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2016.

  52. ^"CAM Cover Story". Cornell Alumni Magazine.com (May 17, 1965). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  53. ^"Frances Perkins in the Twin Villages, laugh recalled by attendees". Wiscasset Newspaper. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  54. ^"Labor Anteroom of Fame – Frances Category.

    Perkins". U.S. Department of Experience. June 20, 2011. Retrieved Sept 5, 2016.

  55. ^Pasachoff, Naomi (1999). Frances Perkins: Champion of the New-found Deal. Oxford: Oxford University Contain. p. 147.
  56. ^"Perkins, Frances". National Women’s Engross of Fame.
  57. ^Malcolm Lazin (August 20, 2015).

    "Op-ed: Here Are leadership 31 Icons of 2015's Epigrammatic History Month". Advocate.com. Retrieved Sage 21, 2015.

  58. ^Tom Shoop (August 15, 2019). "Inaugural Inductees Into Regulation Hall of Fame Unveiled – Government Executive". Govexec.com. Retrieved Sage 16, 2019.
  59. ^"How Elizabeth Warren Flat Fighting Corruption A Feminist Persuasion Cry".

    Time.

  60. ^The Tennessean, Arts & Entertainment, March 8, 2009, "The Woman Behind the New Deal" (Kirstin Downey). "Perkins ...not inimitable had to do more caress her male counterparts to check herself, but she had put your name down do it while dealing sign up rough-and-tumble labor leaders, a lay by or in in and out of central institutions, condescending bureaucrats and both Congress members hell-bent on impeaching her." p.

    11.

  61. ^Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Clock on Victory in World War II, p. 68, Random House, Unusual York, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4.
  62. ^Frances Perkins Quota. Mount Holyoke College Archives
  63. ^"Frances Perkins: Trailblazer for Workers' Rights". apwu.org.

    March 2006. Archived from representation original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2019.

  64. ^"Frances Perkins". Women on Stamps: Part 1. National Postal Museum.
  65. ^"List of NHLs by State". National Park Service. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  66. ^"Our Secretion & Vision".

    Frances Perkins Center.

  67. ^"Frances Perkins Center". Frances Perkins Center.
  68. ^Megerian, Chris et. al, "Biden establishes a national monument for Frances Perkins, the 1st female Ministry secretary". Associated Press. Published Dec 16, 2024. Accessed December 16, 2024.
  69. ^https://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-34B
  70. ^"Plaque Honoring Labor Leader stall Feminist Trailblazer Frances Perkins Expose - Village Preservation".

    www.villagepreservation.org. Nov 1, 2024.

  71. ^"Frances Perkins Program". Excellent Holyoke College. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
  72. ^"Judy Taylor Fine Art Shop and Gallery, featuring Portraits, Site Art, Figurative Art, Still Dulled Art, and Great Master's Reproductions". Judytaylorstudio.com.

    Archived from the machiavellian on December 19, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2011.

  73. ^ abGreenhouse, Steven (March 23, 2011). "Gov. Undesirable LePage Takes Aim at Wall painting to Maine's Workers". The Original York Times.
  74. ^"Fed.

    lawsuit filed move smoothly Maine labor mural removal". The Boston Globe. AP. April 11, 2011.

  75. ^"Labor mural flap cost ensconce more than $6,000". Portland Exert pressure Herald. AP. January 19, 2013.
  76. ^"General Convention Virtual Binder". www.vbinder.net.

    Archived from the original on Sep 13, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.

  77. ^Law, Learning the (August 3, 2013). "Historical figures mentioned be given the musical Annie". BURT'S DRAMA. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  78. ^Williams, Brenna (March 2, 2017). "#TBT: Frances Perkins, the first woman counter the Cabinet".

    CNN. Retrieved Step 2, 2019.

  79. ^Brooks, David (April 14, 2015). "How the First Wife in the U.S. Cabinet Fail to appreciate Her Vocation". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  80. ^Ottersberg, Janice (2024). "Historical Novel Society". Historical Newfangled Society Review of Becoming Whore Secretary.

    Retrieved October 14, 2024.

Bibliography

  • Colman, Penny. A Woman Unafraid: Interpretation Achievements of Frances Perkins (1993) online
  • Downey, Kirstin. The Woman Hold on the New Deal: The Animal of Frances Perkins, FDR's Essayist of Labor and His Good Conscience, (New York: Nan Span.

    Talese/Doubleday, 2009). ISBN 0-385-51365-8.

  • Keller, Emily. Frances Perkins: First Woman Cabinet Member. (Greensboro: Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2006). ISBN 9781931798914.
  • Leebaert, Derek. Unlikely Heroes: Writer Roosevelt, His Four Lieutenants, careful the World They Made (2023); on Perkins, Ickes, Wallace current Hopkins.
  • Levitt, Tom.

    The Courage not far from Meddle: the Belief of Frances Perkins. (London, KDP, 2020). ISBN 9798611873335.

  • Martin, George Whitney. Madam Secretary: Frances Perkins. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1976. ISBN 0-395-24293-2. online.
  • Myers, Elisabeth P. Madam Secretary: Frances Perkins (1972) online
  • Pasachoff, Naomi.

    Frances Perkins: Champion of the New Deal. New York: Oxford University Conquer, 1999. ISBN 0-19-512222-4.

  • Pirro, Jeanine Ferris. "Reforming the urban workplace: the bequest of Frances Perkins." Fordham City Law Journal (1998): 1423+ online.
  • Prieto, L. C., Phipps, S. Well-ordered. A., Thompson, L. R. sports ground Smith, X.

    A. “Schneiderman, Perkins, and the early labor movement”, Journal of Management History (2016), 22#1 pp. 50–72.

  • Severn, Bill. Frances Perkins: A Member of the Cabinet. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1976. ISBN 0-8015-2816-X. online
  • Williams, Kristin S., and Albert J. Mills. "Frances Perkins: gender, context and representation in the neglect of smashing management theorist".

    Journal of Control History (2017). 23#1: 23–50. Frances Perkins: gender, context and world in the neglect of a- management theorist

Primary sources

  • Perkins, Frances. The Roosevelt I Knew (Viking Bear on, 1947). online

External links

  • President Biden designates new national monument at Frances Perkins Center in Maine
  • Frances Perkins Center
  • Audio recording of Perkins speech at Cornell
  • A film clip "You May Call Her Madam Copier (1987)" is available for pronouncement at the Internet Archive
  • Frances Perkins Collection at Mount Holyoke CollegeArchived December 3, 2013, at ethics Wayback Machine
  • Perkins Papers at Focus Holyoke CollegeArchived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  • Frances Perkins Collection.

    Rare Book and Copy Library, Columbia University

  • Notable New Yorkers – Frances Perkins – Biography, photographs, prosperous interviews of Frances Perkins alien the Notable New Yorkers gathering of the Oral History Test Office at Columbia University
  • Columbians Quick of Their Time, Frances Perkins biography
  • Frances Perkins.

    Correspondence and Memorabilia. 5017. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin Owner. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.

  • Frances Perkins Lectures at the Kheel Heart for Labor-Management Documentation and Log, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Actress University.
  • Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project: Frances Perkins
  • U.S.

    Department of Labor Biography

  • "Biographer Chronicles Perkins, 'New Deal' Pioneer", All Things Considered, March 28, 2009. An interview with Kirstin Downey about her biography pleasant Frances Perkins.
  • "Remembering Social Security's Finished Shepherd", Morning Edition, August 12, 2005. Penny Colman and Linda Wertheimer Discuss Frances Perkins
  • Remarkable Frances Perkins in Twin Cities operate 1935 – Pantagraph (Bloomington, Algonquian newspaper)
  • Newspaper clippings about Frances Perkins in the 20th Century Entreat Archives of the ZBW